What Is A Fencing Sword Called? Guide to Fencing and Collectible Swords

by Muhammad Saleem March 12, 2025

Fencing is a sport that requires agility, precision, and quick thinking. The weapon used in fencing is called a fencing sword, but this term refers to three distinct types of swords: foil, épée, and sabre. Each type has its history, rules, and unique characteristics.

However, swords are not just for fencing. Many collectors and enthusiasts seek battle-ready and historical Viking swords for display, reenactments, or martial arts training. Finding the best swords requires knowing where to look and find them.

Whether you're a fencer, a collector, or just fascinated by swordsmanship, this comprehensive guide will provide everything you need to know about fencing swords and their historical counterparts.

Types of Fencing Swords

While fencing has evolved into a modern Olympic sport, it retains deep historical roots. The three primary swords used in fencing are the foil, épée, and sabre. Each one offers a different experience and follows specific rules.

1. The Foil – Lightweight and Tactical

The foil is the most common fencing weapon used in training and competitions. It is designed to encourage skill, strategy, and precision.

Foil Key Features:

Weight: ~500 grams
Length: Up to 110 cm
Blade: Thin, rectangular cross-section
Target Area: The torso (excluding arms and legs)
Scoring Method: Touches only count with the tip

Rules and Techniques

Foil fencing follows the right-of-way rule, meaning that when two fencers hit simultaneously, the point goes to the one who initiated the attack first. This adds a layer of strategic depth, as fencers must plan their attacks carefully.

Foil fencing emphasizes agility and precision, making it an ideal choice for beginners and advanced competitors.

2. The Épée – The Heaviest Fencing Sword

The épée is the closest modern fencing weapon to historical dueling swords. It is heavier than the foil and offers a different style of combat.

Key Features:

Weight: ~775 grams
Length: Up to 110 cm
Blade: Stiff, triangular cross-section
Target Area: The entire body (including hands and feet)
Scoring Method: Touches only count with the tip; no "right of way" rule

Rules and Techniques

Unlike foil, épée does not have the right of way rule. If both fencers land a hit simultaneously, both receive a point. This makes épée a more defensive weapon, as fencers must carefully time their attacks and counterattacks.

Épée is perfect for fencers who enjoy a more patient and strategic approach to the sport.

3. The Sabre – Fast and Aggressive

The sabre is the fastest and most aggressive fencing weapon. Unlike foil and épée, the sabre allows for slashing and thrusting attacks, making it a dynamic and exciting form of fencing.

Key Features & Qualities:

Weight: ~500 grams
Length: Up to 105 cm
Blade: Slightly curved, with a knuckle guard
Target Area: Everything above the waist (head, arms, torso)
Scoring Method: Right of way applies; both the edge and tip of the blade can score points

Rules and Techniques

Sabre fencing follows the right-of-way rule, similar to foil. However, the action is much faster-paced because fencers can score with both the edge and tip of the blade. Sabre fencing evolved from cavalry combat, where quick strikes were needed to disable opponents on horseback.

Sabre is ideal for those who enjoy speed, aggression, and quick reflexes.

Historical Viking Swords – The Weapons of Warriors

Beyond fencing, historical Viking swords hold a special place in the history of combat and craftsmanship. Used between the 8th and 11th centuries, these swords were crucial to Viking warfare and symbolized power and honor.

Characteristics of Viking Swords:

Double-edged blades for both slashing and stabbing
Blade length: ~70–90 cm
Wide fullers (grooves) to make the sword lighter and balanced
Hilt and pommel designs showcasing Norse craftsmanship

Symbolism and Cultural Significance

For the Vikings, a sword was not just a weapon but a status symbol. Warriors took great pride in their swords, often naming them and passing them down through generations. Some swords featured intricate engravings of high-quality steel, showing the owner's wealth and status.

Today, collectors seek historical Viking swords for their craftsmanship and historical significance.

Battle-Ready Swords – For Collectors and Martial Artists

If you're looking for a sword for reenactments, martial arts, or display, knowing the difference between a battle-ready sword and a decorative piece is essential.

What Makes a Sword "Battle-Ready"?

A battle-ready sword is designed for real combat training and is made from durable materials.

Best Features:

✔ High-carbon steel for a sharp yet resilient blade

✔ Full tang construction for strength and durability

✔ Hand-forged craftsmanship to ensure proper balance

Display vs. Functional Swords

Display swords are often made from stainless steel and are not designed for impact. They may look beautiful but lack the durability needed for actual use. If you're serious about collecting or practicing with a sword, always choose a battle-ready sword.

Finding the Best Collectible Store in the USA

For collectors and fencing enthusiasts, choosing the right store is key to finding authentic, high-quality swords. The best collectible store in the USA should offer:

✅ A wide selection of fencing and historical swords

✅ Authentic materials and hand-forged craftsmanship

✅ Knowledgeable staff to assist in choosing the proper sword

✅ Customization options for personalized engravings

One highly respected name in the industry is Warrior Replicas, known for its expertly crafted battle-ready swords and historical replicas.

Choose Right Sword for You

Whether you're a fencer, collector, or reenactor, choosing the proper sword depends on your needs.

💡 For sport and competition: Choose a foil, épée, or sabre

💡 For historical collection: Opt for a historical Viking sword

💡 For reenactments or martial arts, Invest in a battle-ready sword

💡 For display: Select an ornate decorative sword

By purchasing from the best collectible store in the USA, you ensure authenticity, quality, and historical accuracy in your collection. Whether for sport or display, a well-crafted sword is a timeless investment.